---
title: Exodus 22:21 (JPS 1917) — (22-21) Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. · tree and pragmatics
description: (22-21) Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. Who acts: Ye. Exodus 22:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 22:21 · JPS 1917

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(22-21) Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

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**Who acts:** Ye · **What happens:** not afflict · **To what, where:** widow

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This is Exodus 22:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:637
# text = (22-21) Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	22-21	22-21	NUM	LS	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	discourse	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **afflict** | shall | Ye | any widow or fatherless child |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus widow=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָת֖וֹם לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃

[Exodus 22:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:637` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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