---
title: Exodus 23:1 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt not utter a false report; put not thy hand with the wicke… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou shalt not utter a false report; put not thy hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. Who acts: Thou. Exodus 23:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 23:1 · JPS 1917

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Thou shalt not utter a false report; put not thy hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.

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**Who acts:** Thou · **What happens:** not utter, not put, be · **To what, where:** false report, hand, unrighteous witness

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This is Exodus 23:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:648
# text = Thou shalt not utter a false report; put not thy hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	utter	utter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wicked	wicked	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	unrighteous	unrighteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **utter** *speech: other* | shall | Thou | a false report |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent report=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **put** | infinitive |  | thy hand |  |  |  | with the wicked | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a unrighteous witness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ס

[Exodus 23:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:648` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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