---
title: Exodus 23:9 (JPS 1917) — And a stranger shalt thou not oppress; for ye know the heart of a st… · tree and pragmatics
description: And a stranger shalt thou not oppress; for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. Who acts: thou, ye. Exodus 23:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 23:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And a stranger shalt thou not oppress; for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, ye · **What happens:** not oppress, know, see, be · **To what, where:** stranger, heart, strangers, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 23:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:656
# text = And a stranger shalt thou not oppress; for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
4	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	oppress	oppress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
11	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
19	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	ccomp	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **oppress** | shall | thou | a stranger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | ye | the heart of a stranger |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer heart=Stimulus |
| 3 | **see** | gerund | ye *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is a** | past | ye | strangers |  | the land of Egypt |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְגֵ֖ר לֹ֣א תִלְחָ֑ץ וְאַתֶּ֗ם יְדַעְתֶּם֙ אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַגֵּ֔ר כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

[Exodus 23:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:656` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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