---
title: Exodus 23:11 (JPS 1917) — but the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie fallow, that the… · tree and pragmatics
description: but the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of thy people may eat; and what they leave the beast of the field shall eat. Who acts: thou, land, poor, people. Exodus 23:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 23:11 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
but the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of thy people may eat; and what they leave the beast of the field shall eat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, land, poor, people, beast · **What happens:** let, rest, lie, eat, leave · **To what, where:** land, beast

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 23:11 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, land, poor, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:658
# text = but the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of thy people may eat; and what they leave the beast of the field shall eat.
1	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	seventh	seventh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
6	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	fallow	fallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
24	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	26	obj	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | shall | thou | land |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rest** | infinitive | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lie** | infinitive | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fallow *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **eat** | may | the poor of thy people |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **leave** | present | people | the beast of the field |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
| 6 | **eat** | shall | the beast of the field |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהַשְּׁבִיעִ֞ת תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּה וּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּ וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְיִתְרָ֕ם תֹּאכַ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְכַרְמְךָ֖ לְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃

[Exodus 23:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.11/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **but the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of thy people may eat; and what they leave the beast of the field shall eat.**
2. [In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.659/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:658` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 23:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.657/)
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