---
title: Exodus 23:20 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. Who acts: I. Exodus 23:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 23:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** send, keep, bring, prepare · **To what, where:** angel, thee, place

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This is Exodus 23:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:669
# text = Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	send	send	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
12	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	obj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	obj	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	obj	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | present | I | a angel |  |  | before thee |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent angel=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | thee |  |  |  | by the way | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent thou=Theme by way=Location |
| 3 | **bring** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | thee |  | the place |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thou=Theme into place=Destination |
| 4 | **prepare** | present · perfect | I | the place |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ מַלְאָךְ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמָרְךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲכִנֹֽתִי׃

[Exodus 23:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:669` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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