---
title: Exodus 23:27 (JPS 1917) — I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people… · tree and pragmatics
description: I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee. Who acts: I, thou, enemies. Exodus 23:27 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 23:27 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, thou, enemies · **What happens:** send, discomfit, come, make, turn · **To what, where:** terror, people, backs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 23:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, thou, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:676
# text = I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	_	3	aux	_	_
3	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	_	11	aux	_	_
11	discomfit	discomfit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	will	will	AUX	MD	_	24	aux	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | future | I | My terror |  |  | before thee |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent terror=Theme |
| 2 | **discomfit** | future | I *not said here* | all people |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer |
| 3 | **come** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | to all people | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to whom=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **make** | future | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **turn** | infinitive | thine enemies | people's backs |  |  |  | unto thee | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent back=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי֙ אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהַמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖א בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף׃

[Exodus 23:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.27/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:676` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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