---
title: Exodus 25:20 (JPS 1917) — And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the ark-cover with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the ark-cover shall the faces of the cherubim be. Who acts: cherubim. Exodus 25:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 25:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the ark-cover with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the ark-cover shall the faces of the cherubim be.

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**Who acts:** cherubim · **What happens:** spread out, screen · **To what, where:** wings, ark cover

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 25:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cherubim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:720
# text = And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the ark-cover with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the ark-cover shall the faces of the cherubim be.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cherubim	cherubim	NOUN	NN	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	screening	screen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
16	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
24	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	24	nmod	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
28	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	_
32	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
33	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	cherubim	cherubim	NOUN	NN	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread out** | shall | the cherubim | ends's wings |  |  |  | high *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme |
| 2 | **screen** | gerund | the cherubim *not said here* | the ark cover |  |  |  | with ends's wings; with ends's faces  one to another | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cover=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו אֶל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת יִהְי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃

[Exodus 25:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.25.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:720` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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