---
title: Exodus 31:14 (JPS 1917) — Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people. Who acts: Ye, incense, one, whosoever. Exodus 31:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and
---

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# Exodus 31:14 · JPS 1917

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Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

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**Who acts:** Ye, incense, one, whosoever · **What happens:** keep, be, profane, put, do, cut off · **To what, where:** sabbath, incense, one, work, soul

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This is Exodus 31:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ye, incense, one, whosoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:940
# text = Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
1	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
15	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	profaneth	profane	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
21	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
27	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	whosoever	whosoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	doeth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
30	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	31	det	_	_
31	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
34	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	35	det	_	_
35	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
39	off	off	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	_
40	from	from	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	among	among	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | shall | Ye | the sabbath |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sabbath=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | incense |  |  |  |  | unto you; holy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **profane** | present | every one | incense |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **put** | shall · passive |  | every one |  |  |  | to death; surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |
| 5 | **do** | present | whosoever | any work |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |
| 6 | **cut off** | shall · passive |  | that soul |  |  |  | from LORD's people | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת כִּ֗י כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה בָהּ֙ מְלָאכָ֔ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמֶּֽיהָ׃

[Exodus 31:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:940` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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