--- title: Exodus 31:18 (JPS 1917) — And He gave unto Moses, when He had made an end of speaking with him… · tree and pragmatics description: And He gave unto Moses, when He had made an end of speaking with him upon mount Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God. Who acts: LORD, end. Exodus 31:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.944/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/31/) / [31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.18/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 31:18 · JPS 1917 And He gave unto Moses, when He had made an end of speaking with him upon mount Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God. **Who acts:** LORD, end · **What happens:** give, make, speak, write · **To what, where:** two tables, end, tables · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Exodus 31:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, end), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:944 # text = And He gave unto Moses, when He had made an end of speaking with him upon mount Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Moses Moses PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 10 mark _ _ 8 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 9 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 11 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 mark _ _ 14 speaking speak VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 acl _ _ 15 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ _ 17 upon upon ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 mount mount NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 Sinai Sinai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 tables table NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 testimony testimony NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 tables table NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 appos _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 acl _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 finger finger NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | past | LORD | the two tables of the testimony | | | | unto Moses | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Theme | | 2 | **make** | past · perfect | LORD | a end | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | a end *not said here* | | | | | with LORD; upon mount Sinai | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with he=Co-Agent | | 4 | **write** | participle | | tables of stone *not said here* | | | | with the finger of God | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֤ר אִתּוֹ֙ בְּהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י שְׁנֵ֖י לֻחֹ֣ת הָעֵדֻ֑ת לֻחֹ֣ת אֶ֔בֶן כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִֽים׃ [Exodus 31:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:944` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 31:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.943/) - next →: [Exodus 32:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.945/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.18/)