---
title: Genesis 1:9 (JPS 1917) — And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together… · tree and pragmatics
description: And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so. Who acts: God, waters, dry land, land. Genesis 1:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 1:9 · JPS 1917

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And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so.

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**Who acts:** God, waters, dry land, land · **What happens:** say, let, gather, appear, be · **To what, where:** waters, heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 1:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, waters, dry land, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:10
# text = And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
14	together	together	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
27	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | God |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | the waters |  | the heaven |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **gather** | infinitive · passive | the waters *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto one place; together *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V» |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **appear** | infinitive | the dry land |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | past | land |  |  |  |  | so *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יִקָּו֨וּ הַמַּ֜יִם מִתַּ֤חַת הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־מָק֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד וְתֵרָאֶ֖ה הַיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃

[Genesis 1:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:10` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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