---
title: Genesis 32:4 (JPS 1917) — (32-4) And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto… · tree and pragmatics
description: (32-4) And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom. Who acts: Jacob. Genesis 32:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 32:4 · JPS 1917

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(32-4) And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom.

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**Who acts:** Jacob · **What happens:** send · **To what, where:** messengers, Esau

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This is Genesis 32:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jacob), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1002
# text = (32-4) And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	32-4	32-4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	6	parataxis	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Seir	Seir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Jacob | messengers | Esau |  | before God | unto the land of Seir | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme to esau=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֤ב מַלְאָכִים֙ לְפָנָ֔יו אֶל־עֵשָׂ֖ו אָחִ֑יו אַ֥רְצָה שֵׂעִ֖יר שְׂדֵ֥ה אֱדֽוֹם׃

[Genesis 32:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1002` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 32:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1001/)
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- ↑ back to [Genesis 32:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.4/)