---
title: Genesis 32:19 (JPS 1917) — then thou shalt say: They are thy servant Jacob's; it is a present s… · tree and pragmatics
description: then thou shalt say: They are thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord, even unto Esau; and, behold, he also is behind us.' Who acts: thou, foals, foremost, Esau. Genesis 32:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 32:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
then thou shalt say: They are thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord, even unto Esau; and, behold, he also is behind us.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, foals, foremost, Esau · **What happens:** say, be, send · **To what, where:** servant, present · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 32:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, foals, foremost, Esau), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1018
# text = then thou shalt say: They are thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord, even unto Esau; and, behold, he also is behind us.'
1	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
10	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	_
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
17	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	even	even	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Esau	Esau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	34	discourse	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
31	also	also	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	conj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
36	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character, act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | thou |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | foals *= foal* | thy servant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | foremost | a present |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **send** | participle |  | a present *not said here* |  |  |  | unto my lord; unto Esau | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | Esau |  |  |  |  | behind us | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְעַבְדְּךָ֣ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב מִנְחָ֥ה הִוא֙ שְׁלוּחָ֔ה לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לְעֵשָׂ֑ו וְהִנֵּ֥ה גַם־ה֖וּא אַחֲרֵֽינוּ׃

[Genesis 32:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1018` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 32:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1017/)
- next →: [Genesis 32:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1019/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 32:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.19/)