--- title: Genesis 4:15 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, venge… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.' And the LORD set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him. Who acts: LORD, whosoever, any. Genesis 4:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.104/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/4/) / [4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.15/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 4:15 · JPS 1917 And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.' And the LORD set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him. **Who acts:** LORD, whosoever, any · **What happens:** say, slay, take, set, find, smite · **To what, where:** Cain, vengeance, sign · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 4:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, whosoever, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:104 # text = And the LORD said unto him: 'Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.' And the LORD set a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 9 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 10 whosoever whosoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 slayeth slay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 12 Cain Cain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 14 vengeance vengeance NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 16 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 ccomp _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 sevenfold sevenfold ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 21 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 17 punct _ _ 23 And and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 set set VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 sign sign NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Cain Cain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 32 lest lest SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 33 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 37 nsubj _ _ 34 finding find VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 acl _ _ 35 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 36 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 smite smite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 advcl _ _ 38 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: warn - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | | unto Cain | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **slay** | present | whosoever | Cain | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cain=Patient | | 3 | **take** | shall · passive | | vengeance | | | | on Cain; sevenfold, therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on he=Destination | | 4 | **set** | past | the LORD | a sign | | | | for Cain | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent sign=Patient for cain=Beneficiary | | 5 | **find** | gerund | | Cain | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | | 6 | **smite** | should | any | Cain | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃ [Genesis 4:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.15/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:104` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 4:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.103/) - next →: [Genesis 4:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.105/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.15/)