---
title: Genesis 38:20 (JPS 1917) — And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Ad… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not. Who acts: Judah. Genesis 38:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 38:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Judah · **What happens:** send, receive, not find · **To what, where:** kid, pledge, hand

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This is Genesis 38:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1237
# text = And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Adullamite	Adullamite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	receive	receive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
31	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Judah | the kid of the goats |  |  |  | by the hand of Judah's friend | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kid=Theme |
| 2 | **receive** | to-infinitive | Judah *not said here* | the pledge |  | the woman's hand |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent pledge=Theme from hand=Source |
| 3 | **not** **find** | past | Judah | kid |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ׃

[Genesis 38:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1237` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 38:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1236/)
- next →: [Genesis 38:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1238/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 38:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.20/)