--- title: Genesis 38:23 (JPS 1917) — And Judah said: 'Let her take it, lest we be put to shame; behold, I… · tree and pragmatics description: And Judah said: 'Let her take it, lest we be put to shame; behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.' Who acts: Judah, harlot, I, thou. Genesis 38:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1240/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / [38:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.23/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 38:23 · JPS 1917 And Judah said: 'Let her take it, lest we be put to shame; behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.' **Who acts:** Judah, harlot, I, thou · **What happens:** say, let, take, put, send, not find · **To what, where:** harlot, place, we, kid · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 38:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah, harlot, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:1240 # text = And Judah said: 'Let her take it, lest we be put to shame; behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 Let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 7 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ 8 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 lest lest SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 12 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 put put VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 shame shame NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 18 behold behold INTJ UH _ 21 discourse _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 20 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 22 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 23 det _ _ 23 kid kid NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 29 nsubj _ _ 27 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 29 advmod _ _ 29 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 21 conj _ _ 30 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 32 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Judah | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **let** | infinitive | | harlot | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **take** | infinitive | harlot *not said here* | place | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 4 | **put** | infinitive · passive | | we | | | | to shame | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal | | 5 | **send** | past | I | this kid | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kid=Theme | | 6 | **not** **find** | present · perfect | thou | harlot | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֔הּ פֶּ֖ן נִהְיֶ֣ה לָב֑וּז הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ הַגְּדִ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א מְצָאתָֽהּ׃ [Genesis 38:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.23/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1240` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1239/) - next →: [Genesis 38:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1241/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.23/)