--- title: Genesis 38:28 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; an… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying: 'This came out first.' Who acts: child, harlot, one, midwife. Genesis 38:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1245/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/38/) / [38:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.28/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 38:28 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying: 'This came out first.' **Who acts:** child, harlot, one, midwife, This · **What happens:** come, pass, travail, put out, take, bind · **To what, where:** hand, scarlet thread · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 38:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (child, harlot, one, midwife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:1245 # text = And it came to pass, when she travailed, that one put out a hand; and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying: 'This came out first.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 9 mark _ _ 8 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 travailed travail VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 one one PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 13 nsubj _ _ 13 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 14 out out ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 midwife midwife NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 bound bind VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 24 upon upon ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 scarlet scarlet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 thread thread NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 32 : : PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 33 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ _ 34 This this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 35 nsubj _ _ 35 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 36 out out ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 37 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 35 advmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ _ 39 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | child | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | child *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **travail** | past | harlot | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **put out** | past | one | a hand | | | | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal | | 5 | **take** | past | the midwife | | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **bind** | past | the midwife *not said here* | a scarlet thread | | | | upon midwife's hand | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thread=Patient | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the midwife *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **come out** | past | This | | | | | first, out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֥י בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָ֑ד וַתִּקַּ֣ח הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עַל־יָד֤וֹ שָׁנִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֖ה יָצָ֥א רִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ [Genesis 38:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.28/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1245` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 38:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1244/) - next →: [Genesis 38:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1246/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 38:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.28/)