---
title: Genesis 40:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker offended their lord the king of Egypt. Who acts: butler. Genesis 40:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 40:1 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker offended their lord the king of Egypt.

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**Who acts:** butler · **What happens:** come, pass, offend · **To what, where:** it, lord

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This is Genesis 40:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (butler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1274
# text = And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker offended their lord the king of Egypt.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	butler	butler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
21	offended	offend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | after this things |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **offend** | past | the butler of the king of Egypt and Egypt's baker | butler's lord |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lord=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה חָֽטְא֛וּ מַשְׁקֵ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְהָאֹפֶ֑ה לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶ֖ם לְמֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

[Genesis 40:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.40.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1274` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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