--- title: Genesis 43:18 (JPS 1917) — And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's hou… · tree and pragmatics description: And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.' Who acts: men, beasts, man --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1418/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/43/) / [43:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.18/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 43:18 · JPS 1917 And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.' **Who acts:** men, beasts, man · **What happens:** be, bring, say, return, bring in, seek · **To what, where:** beasts, house, money, sacks, we, occasion · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 43:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, beasts, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:1418 # text = And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 advcl _ _ 11 into into ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 Joseph Joseph PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod:poss _ _ 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 20 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ _ 21 Because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 24 case _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 21 fixed _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 returned return VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 acl:relcl _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 sacks sack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 34 amod _ _ 34 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux:pass _ _ 36 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 ccomp _ _ 38 in in ADP RP _ 37 compound:prt _ _ 39 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 40 that that SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 42 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 seek seek VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 advcl _ _ 44 occasion occasion NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 45 against against ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 obl _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 43 conj _ _ 50 upon upon ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 49 obl _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 54 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 49 conj _ _ 55 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 54 obj _ _ 56 for for ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 bondmen bondman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obl _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 60 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 61 nmod:poss _ _ 61 asses ass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 57 conj _ _ 62 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ 63 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the men | | | | | afraid *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **bring** | past · passive | | beasts *= beast* | | Joseph's house | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into house=Destination | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | beasts *= beast* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **return** | past · passive | | the money | | our sacks | time | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **bring in** | present · passive | | we | | | | because the money | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | | 6 | **seek** | may | man | occasion | | | | against us | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent occasion=Theme against we=Location | | 7 | **fall** | infinitive | man *not said here* | | | | | upon us | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon we=Location | | 8 | **take** | infinitive | man *not said here* | us | | | | for bondmen and our asses | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent we=Theme for bondman=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּ֣י הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵף֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ עַל־דְּבַ֤ר הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַשָּׁ֤ב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מֽוּבָאִ֑ים לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְלָקַ֧חַת אֹתָ֛נוּ לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃ [Genesis 43:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1418` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 43:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1417/) - next →: [Genesis 43:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1419/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 43:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.18/)