--- title: Genesis 44:16 (JPS 1917) — God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my l… · tree and pragmatics description: God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my lord's bondmen, both we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.' Who acts: God, we. Genesis 44:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1455/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/) / [44:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.16/) / JPS 2 # Genesis 44:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my lord's bondmen, both we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.' **Who acts:** God, we · **What happens:** find out, be, find · **To what, where:** iniquity, bondmen, God, hand This is Genesis 44:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:1455 # text = God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my lord's bondmen, both we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.' 1 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 out out ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 iniquity iniquity NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 11 behold behold INTJ UH _ 18 discourse _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 13 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 14 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 15 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod:poss _ _ 17 's 's PART POS _ 16 case _ _ 18 bondmen bondman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 both both CCONJ CC _ 21 cc:preconj _ _ 21 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 also also ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 cup cup NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux:pass _ _ 32 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 34 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find out** | present · perfect | God | the iniquity of thy servants | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Topic | | 2 | **is a** | present | we | my lord's bondmen | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **find** | present · passive | | God | | hand | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה מַה־נֹּאמַר֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י מַה־נְּדַבֵּ֖ר וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים מָצָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ הִנֶּנּ֤וּ עֲבָדִים֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ גַּ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ [Genesis 44:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.16/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. [And Judah said: 'What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1454/) 2. **God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my lord's bondmen, both we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.'** **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1455` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1454/) - next →: [Genesis 44:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1456/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 44:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.16/)