---
title: Genesis 44:19 (JPS 1917) — My lord asked his servants, saying: Have ye a father, or a brother? · tree and pragmatics
description: My lord asked his servants, saying: Have ye a father, or a brother? Who acts: lord, ye. Genesis 44:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 44:19 · JPS 1917

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My lord asked his servants, saying: Have ye a father, or a brother?

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**Who acts:** lord, ye · **What happens:** ask, say, father · **To what, where:** servants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 44:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1458
# text = My lord asked his servants, saying: Have ye a father, or a brother?
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | My lord | lord's servants |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent servant=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | My lord *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **father** | present | ye |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֲדֹנִ֣י שָׁאַ֔ל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲיֵשׁ־לָכֶ֥ם אָ֖ב אוֹ־אָֽח׃

[Genesis 44:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1458` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 44:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1457/)
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- ↑ back to [Genesis 44:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.19/)