--- title: Genesis 44:22 (JPS 1917) — And we said unto my lord: The lad cannot leave his father; for if he… · tree and pragmatics description: And we said unto my lord: The lad cannot leave his father; for if he should leave his father, his father would die. Who acts: we, lad, lord, father. Genesis 44:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1461/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/) / [44:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.22/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 44:22 · JPS 1917 And we said unto my lord: The lad cannot leave his father; for if he should leave his father, his father would die. **Who acts:** we, lad, lord, father · **What happens:** say, not leave, leave, die · **To what, where:** father · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 44:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, lad, lord, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:1461 # text = And we said unto my lord: The lad cannot leave his father; for if he should leave his father, his father would die. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 8 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 lad lad NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 10 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 leave leave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 13 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 16 for for CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 17 if if SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 19 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 leave leave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 21 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 26 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | we | | | | | unto my lord | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **leave** | can | the lad | lord's father | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Theme | | 3 | **leave** *a condition, not said to happen* | should | lord | lord's father | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Theme | | 4 | **die** | would | lord's father | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל הַנַּ֖עַר לַעֲזֹ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֑יו וְעָזַ֥ב אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וָמֵֽת׃ [Genesis 44:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.22/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1461` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1460/) - next →: [Genesis 44:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1462/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 44:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.22/)