---
title: Genesis 44:31 (JPS 1917) — it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, tha… · tree and pragmatics
description: it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die; and thy servants will bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave. Who acts: father, lad, servants. Genesis 44:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Genesis 44:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die; and thy servants will bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** father, lad, servants · **What happens:** come, pass, see, not be, die, bring down · **To what, where:** soul, gray hairs, grave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 44:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, lad, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1470
# text = it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die; and thy servants will bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave.
1	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seeth	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	ccomp	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
26	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
28	down	down	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	gray	gray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | future |  | soul |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | present | father |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | the lad |  |  |  |  | with us | tree rules |
| 5 | **die** | future | father |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 6 | **bring down** | future | thy servants | the gray hairs of thy servant |  | the grave |  | with sorrow | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hair=Theme to grave=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָיָ֗ה כִּרְאוֹת֛וֹ כִּי־אֵ֥ין הַנַּ֖עַר וָמֵ֑ת וְהוֹרִ֨ידוּ עֲבָדֶ֜יךָ אֶת־שֵׂיבַ֨ת עַבְדְּךָ֥ אָבִ֛ינוּ בְּיָג֖וֹן שְׁאֹֽלָה׃

[Genesis 44:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1470` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 44:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1469/)
- next →: [Genesis 44:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1471/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 44:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.31/)