---
title: Genesis 46:18 (JPS 1917) — These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter,… · tree and pragmatics
description: These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bore unto Jacob, even sixteen souls. Who acts: These, Laban, Leah. Genesis 46:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 46:18 · JPS 1917

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These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bore unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.

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**Who acts:** These, Laban, Leah · **What happens:** be, give, bear · **To what, where:** sons, Leah, these

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This is Genesis 46:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, Laban, Leah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:1521
# text = These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bore unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Zilpah	Zilpah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
9	Laban	Laban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Leah	Leah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	obj	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	even	even	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	sixteen	sixteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	appos	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | These | the sons |  |  |  | of Zilpah | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | past | Laban |  | Leah |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent whom=Theme to leah=Recipient |
| 3 | **bear** | past | Leah | these |  |  |  | unto Jacob | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י זִלְפָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָבָ֖ן לְלֵאָ֣ה בִתּ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֤לֶד אֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה נָֽפֶשׁ׃

[Genesis 46:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.46.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:1521` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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