---
title: Genesis 9:18 (JPS 1917) — And the sons of Noah, that went forth from the ark, were Shem, and H… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the sons of Noah, that went forth from the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth; and Ham is the father of Canaan. Who acts: sons, Ham. Genesis 9:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 9:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the sons of Noah, that went forth from the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth; and Ham is the father of Canaan.

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**Who acts:** sons, Ham · **What happens:** go, be · **To what, where:** ark, Shem, father

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This is Genesis 9:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, Ham), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:235
# text = And the sons of Noah, that went forth from the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth; and Ham is the father of Canaan.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	Shem	Shem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Ham	Ham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Japheth	Japheth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	Ham	Ham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Canaan	Canaan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the sons of Noah |  |  | the ark |  | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from ark=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the sons of Noah | Shem and Ham and Japheth and the father |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Ham | the father |  |  |  | of Canaan | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־נֹ֗חַ הַיֹּֽצְאִים֙ מִן־הַתֵּבָ֔ה שֵׁ֖ם וְחָ֣ם וָיָ֑פֶת וְחָ֕ם ה֖וּא אֲבִ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃

[Genesis 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:235` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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