---
title: Genesis 9:22 (JPS 1917) — And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. Who acts: Ham. Genesis 9:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 9:22 · JPS 1917

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And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.

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**Who acts:** Ham · **What happens:** see, tell · **To what, where:** nakedness, two brethren · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 9:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ham), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:239
# text = And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	Ham	Ham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Canaan	Canaan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	nakedness	nakedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	without	without	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Ham | the nakedness of Ham's father |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nakedness=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Ham *not said here* | Ham's two brethren |  |  |  | without *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent brethren=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּ֗רְא חָ֚ם אֲבִ֣י כְנַ֔עַן אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יו וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לִשְׁנֵֽי־אֶחָ֖יו בַּחֽוּץ׃

[Genesis 9:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:239` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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