---
title: Genesis 15:10 (JPS 1917) — And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid e… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each half over against the other; but the birds divided he not. Who acts: Abram. Genesis 15:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 15:10 · JPS 1917

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And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each half over against the other; but the birds divided he not.

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**Who acts:** Abram · **What happens:** take, divide, lay over, not divide · **To what, where:** GOD, ram, midst, half, other, birds

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This is Genesis 15:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abram), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:386
# text = And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each half over against the other; but the birds divided he not.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
6	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	over	over	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
20	against	against	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	other	other	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
27	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Abram | GOD |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Theme |
| 2 | **divide** | past | Abram *not said here* | ram |  | the midst |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **lay over** | past | Abram *not said here* | each half |  | the other |  | over *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent half=Theme against other=Destination |
| 4 | **not** **divide** | past | Abram | the birds |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֣וֹ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֗לֶּה וַיְבַתֵּ֤ר אֹתָם֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אִישׁ־בִּתְר֖וֹ לִקְרַ֣את רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַצִפֹּ֖רלֹ֥א בָתָֽר׃

[Genesis 15:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:386` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 15:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.385/)
- next →: [Genesis 15:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.387/)
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