--- title: Genesis 15:13 (JPS 1917) — And He said unto Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a s… · tree and pragmatics description: And He said unto Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; Who acts: Abram, seed, land, birds. Genesis 15:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.389/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/15/) / [15:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.13/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 15:13 · JPS 1917 And He said unto Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; **Who acts:** Abram, seed, land, birds · **What happens:** say, know, be, not be, serve, afflict · **To what, where:** stranger, land, birds, carcasses · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 15:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abram, seed, land, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:389 # text = And He said unto Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Abram Abram PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ _ 8 Know know VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 surety surety NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 13 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 seed seed NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 15 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 16 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 18 cop _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 theirs theirs PRON PRP Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 acl:relcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 serve serve VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _ 30 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 afflict afflict VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _ 36 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ _ 37 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 38 compound _ _ 38 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 39 nummod _ _ 39 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: warn - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=warn, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abram | | | | | unto Abram | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **know** | infinitive | | | | | | of a surety | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of surety=Stimulus | | 3 | **is a** | shall | thy seed | a stranger | | a land | | | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **is a** | present | a land | birds *= bird* | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **serve** | shall | thy seed *not said here* | birds *= bird* | | | | | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Attribute | | 6 | **afflict** | shall | birds *= bird* | carcasses *= carcass* | | | year | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאַבְרָ֗ם יָדֹ֨עַ תֵּדַ֜ע כִּי־גֵ֣ר ׀ יִהְיֶ֣ה זַרְעֲךָ֗ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ לֹ֣א לָהֶ֔ם וַעֲבָד֖וּם וְעִנּ֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃ [Genesis 15:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:389` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 15:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.388/) - next →: [Genesis 15:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.390/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 15:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.15.13/)