---
title: Genesis 16:16 (JPS 1917) — And Abram was fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bore Ishmael t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Abram was fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram. Who acts: Abram, Hagar. Genesis 16:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 16:16 · JPS 1917

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And Abram was fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.

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**Who acts:** Abram, Hagar · **What happens:** be, bear · **To what, where:** Ishmael, Abram

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This is Genesis 16:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abram, Hagar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:413
# text = And Abram was fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	Abram	Abram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	fourscore	fourscore	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
11	Hagar	Hagar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
13	Ishmael	Ishmael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Abram	Abram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Abram |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | past | Hagar | Ishmael | Abram |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ishmael=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאַבְרָ֕ם בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְשֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים בְּלֶֽדֶת־הָגָ֥ר אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל לְאַבְרָֽם׃ס

[Genesis 16:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.16.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:413` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 16:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.412/)
- next →: [Genesis 17:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.414/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 16:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.16.16/)