--- title: Genesis 18:2 (JPS 1917) — and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over… · tree and pragmatics description: and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed down to the earth, Who acts: LORD, three men. Genesis 18:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.442/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / [18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.2/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 18:2 · JPS 1917 and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed down to the earth, **Who acts:** LORD, three men · **What happens:** lift up, look, stand over, see, run, meet · **To what, where:** eyes, men, tent door This is Genesis 18:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, three men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:442 # text = and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed down to the earth, 1 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 lifted lift VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 lo lo INTJ UH _ 16 discourse _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 14 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 17 over over ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 18 against against ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 22 when when SCONJ WRB _ 24 mark _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 advcl _ _ 25 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 meet meet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 advcl _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 from from ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 tent tent NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 door door NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 bowed bow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 39 down down ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lift up** | past | LORD | LORD's eyes | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | | 2 | **look** | past | LORD *not said here* | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **stand over** | past | three men | | | | | against LORD | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against he=Location | | 4 | **see** | past | LORD | men *= man* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | | 5 | **run** | past | LORD | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **meet** | to-infinitive | LORD *not said here* | men *= man* | | the tent door | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | | 7 | **bow down** | past | LORD *not said here* | | | | | to the earth; down *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים נִצָּבִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיַּ֗רְא וַיָּ֤רָץ לִקְרָאתָם֙ מִפֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרְצָה׃ [Genesis 18:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:442` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.441/) - next →: [Genesis 18:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.443/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.2/)