--- title: Genesis 18:8 (JPS 1917) — And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and s… · tree and pragmatics description: And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat. Who acts: Abraham, curd. Genesis 18:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.448/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / [18:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.8/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 18:8 · JPS 1917 And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat. **Who acts:** Abraham, curd · **What happens:** take, dress, set, stand, eat · **To what, where:** curd, calf, tree This is Genesis 18:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abraham, curd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:448 # text = And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 curd curd NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 calf calf NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 12 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 obj _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 14 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 dressed dress VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl:relcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 set set VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 before before ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 26 by by ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ _ 28 under under ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | Abraham | curd and milk and the calf | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent curd=Theme | | 2 | **dress** | past · perfect | Abraham | the calf | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient | | 3 | **set** | past | Abraham *not said here* | calf | | | before curd | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme before they=Destination | | 4 | **stand** | past | Abraham | | | the tree | | by curd | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by they=Location | | 5 | **eat** | past · do-support | curd | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּקַּ֨ח חֶמְאָ֜ה וְחָלָ֗ב וּבֶן־הַבָּקָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְהֽוּא־עֹמֵ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם תַּ֥חַת הָעֵ֖ץ וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ [Genesis 18:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:448` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.447/) - next →: [Genesis 18:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.449/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.8/)