--- title: Genesis 18:13 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto Abraham: 'Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying:… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Abraham: 'Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying: Shall I of a surety bear a child, who am old? Who acts: LORD, Sarah, I. Genesis 18:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.453/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / [18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.13/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 18:13 · JPS 1917 And the LORD said unto Abraham: 'Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying: Shall I of a surety bear a child, who am old? **Who acts:** LORD, Sarah, I · **What happens:** say, laugh, bear, be · **To what, where:** child · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 18:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Sarah, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:453 # text = And the LORD said unto Abraham: 'Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying: Shall I of a surety bear a child, who am old? 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Abraham Abraham PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 9 Wherefore wherefore ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 10 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 Sarah Sarah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 laugh laugh VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 16 Shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 surety surety NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 21 bear bear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 ccomp _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 26 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 acl:relcl _ _ 28 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | | unto Abraham | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **laugh** | past · do-support | Sarah | | | | | wherefore *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Sarah *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **bear** | shall | I | a child | | | | of a surety | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | | | | | | old *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם לָ֣מָּה זֶּה֩ צָחֲקָ֨ה שָׂרָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר הַאַ֥ף אֻמְנָ֛ם אֵלֵ֖ד וַאֲנִ֥י זָקַֽנְתִּי׃ [Genesis 18:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:453` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.452/) - next →: [Genesis 18:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.454/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.13/)