---
title: Genesis 18:23 (JPS 1917) — And Abraham drew near, and said: 'Wilt Thou indeed sweep away the ri… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Abraham drew near, and said: 'Wilt Thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? Who acts: Abraham, Thou. Genesis 18:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 18:23 · JPS 1917

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And Abraham drew near, and said: 'Wilt Thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked?

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**Who acts:** Abraham, Thou · **What happens:** draw, say, sweep away · **To what, where:** righteous · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 18:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abraham, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:465
# text = And Abraham drew near, and said: 'Wilt Thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
10	Wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
12	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	sweep	sweep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	righteous	righteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	nmod	_	_
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Abraham |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abraham *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sweep away** | future | Thou | the righteous |  |  |  | with the wicked; away, indeed *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme righteous=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַאַ֣ף תִּסְפֶּ֔ה צַדִּ֖יק עִם־רָשָֽׁע׃

[Genesis 18:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:465` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Genesis 18:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.23/)