--- title: Genesis 18:28 (JPS 1917) — Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou… · tree and pragmatics description: Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.' Who acts: five, Thou, righteous, I. Genesis 18:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.470/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/18/) / [18:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.28/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 18:28 · JPS 1917 Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.' **Who acts:** five, Thou, righteous, I · **What happens:** lack, destroy, say, not destroy, find · **To what, where:** city, forty · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 18:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (five, Thou, righteous, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:470 # text = Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt Thou destroy all the city for lack of five?' And He said: 'I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.' 1 Peradventure peradventure ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 4 expl _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 lack lack VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nsubj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 fifty fifty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 righteous righteous NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 11 wilt will AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 13 nsubj _ _ 13 destroy destroy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 14 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 16 det:predet _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 17 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 lack lack NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nmod _ _ 21 ? ? PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 23 And and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 26 : : PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 27 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 28 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 29 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 destroy destroy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 ccomp _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 if if SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 35 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 37 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 36 advmod _ _ 38 forty forty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 36 obj _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 38 conj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 42 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lack** | shall | five of the fifty righteous | | | there | | peradventure *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **destroy** | future | Thou | all city | | | | for lack of five | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | righteous | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **not** **destroy** | future | I | city | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **find** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I | forty | | there | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forty=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} א֠וּלַי יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית אִם־אֶמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ [Genesis 18:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.28/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:470` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 18:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.469/) - next →: [Genesis 18:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.471/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 18:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.28/)