---
title: Genesis 19:17 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that h… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.' Who acts: city, lords, Lot, thou. Genesis 19:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Genesis 19:17 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.'

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**Who acts:** city, lords, Lot, thou · **What happens:** come, pass, bring, say, escape, not look · **To what, where:** men, Plain, mountain, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 19:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, lords, Lot, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:496
# text = And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Escape	escape	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
25	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
27	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
32	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	36	det:predet	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Plain	plain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
38	escape	escape	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	swept	sweep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	advcl	_	_
47	away	away	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
49	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | city |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | city *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bring** | past · perfect | lords *= lord* | men *= man* |  |  |  | abroad, forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Lot |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **escape** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for thy life | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | behind thee | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind thou=Theme |
| 7 | **stay** | infinitive | thou |  |  | all Plain |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in plain=Location |
| 8 | **escape** | infinitive |  |  |  | the mountain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Initial\_Location |
| 9 | **sweep away** | infinitive · passive |  | thou |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃

[Genesis 19:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:496` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 19:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.495/)
- next →: [Genesis 19:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.497/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.17/)