---
title: Genesis 19:24 (JPS 1917) — Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven; Who acts: LORD. Genesis 19:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 19:24 · JPS 1917

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Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven;

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**Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** cause, rain · **To what, where:** brimstone, heaven

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This is Genesis 19:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:503
# text = Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven;
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rain	rain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Sodom	Sodom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Gomorrah	Gomorrah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	brimstone	brimstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the LORD |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rain** | to-infinitive | the LORD *not said here* | brimstone and fire |  | heaven |  | upon Sodom and Gomorrah; from the LORD | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיהוָ֗ה הִמְטִ֧יר עַל־סְדֹ֛ם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָ֖ה גָּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

[Genesis 19:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:503` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 19:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.502/)
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- ↑ back to [Genesis 19:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.24/)