---
title: Genesis 19:28 (JPS 1917) — And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace. Who acts: Abraham, smoke, land, furnace. Genesis 19:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 19:28 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Abraham, smoke, land, furnace · **What happens:** look out, behold, go up, smoke

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This is Genesis 19:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abraham, smoke, land, furnace), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:507
# text = And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Sodom	Sodom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Gomorrah	Gomorrah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Plain	plain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	31	discourse	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
32	up	up	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look out** | past | Abraham |  |  |  |  | toward Sodom and Gomorrah and all land of the Plain; out *property* | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **behold** | past | Abraham *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **go up** | past | the smoke of the land |  |  |  |  | as the smoke of a furnace | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **smoke** |  | the land |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
| 5 | **smoke** |  | a furnace |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃

[Genesis 19:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:507` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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