---
title: Genesis 22:12 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.' Who acts: Abraham, I, thou. Genesis 22:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Genesis 22:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Abraham, I, thou · **What happens:** say, not lay, know, fear, be, see · **To what, where:** hand, lad, fearing man, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Genesis 22:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abraham, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:587
# text = And he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	15	cc	_	_
15	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nsubj	_	_
17	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
18	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
27	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nsubj	_	_
28	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
30	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	_
32	fearing	fear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	amod	_	_
33	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	ccomp	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	advcl	_	_
36	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nsubj	_	_
37	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
39	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	ccomp	_	_
40	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	45	nmod:poss	_	_
44	only	only	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	from	from	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
50	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abraham |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **lay** | infinitive |  | thy hand |  | the lad |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme upon lad=Destination |
| 3 | **know** | present | I |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **fear** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** | present | thou | a fearing man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **see** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **not** **withhold** | present · perfect | thou | thy son |  |  |  | from Me | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּהכִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃

[Genesis 22:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:587` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Genesis 22:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.586/)
- next →: [Genesis 22:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.588/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 22:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.12/)