--- title: Genesis 22:16 (JPS 1917) — and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast… · tree and pragmatics description: and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, Who acts: I, LORD, thou. Genesis 22:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.592/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/22/) / [22:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.16/) / JPS 1 # Genesis 22:16 · JPS 1917 and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, **Who acts:** I, LORD, thou · **What happens:** say, swear, do, not withhold · **To what, where:** thing, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Genesis 22:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:GEN:592 # text = and said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, 1 and and CCONJ CC _ 2 cc _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 4 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 5 By by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Myself myself PRON PRP Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 9 obl _ _ 7 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 sworn swear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 ccomp _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 because because SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 18 nsubj _ _ 17 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 19 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 det _ _ 20 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 withheld withhold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 26 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 thine thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **swear** | present · perfect | I | | | | | by Myself | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **do** | present · perfect | thou | this thing | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality | | 5 | **not** **withhold** | present · perfect | thou *not said here* | thy son | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ׃ [Genesis 22:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.16/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:592` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Genesis 22:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.591/) - next →: [Genesis 22:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.593/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 22:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.16/)