---
title: Genesis 3:19 (JPS 1917) — In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.' Who acts: thou. Genesis 3:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.80/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/3/) / [3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.19/) / JPS 1

# Genesis 3:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou · **What happens:** eat, return, take, be · **To what, where:** bread, sweat, thou, ground

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Genesis 3:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:80
# text = In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.'
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
14	return	return	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
19	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
23	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
29	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
30	art	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
33	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
35	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nsubj	_	_
37	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
39	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | shall | thou | bread |  | the sweat of thy face |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |
| 2 | **return** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | unto the ground | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | past · passive |  | thou |  | ground |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme out it=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **be** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | for dust | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **return** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | unto dust | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בְּזֵעַ֤ת אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ תֹּ֣אכַל לֶ֔חֶם עַ֤ד שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה וְאֶל־עָפָ֖ר תָּשֽׁוּב׃

[Genesis 3:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.19/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:80` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Genesis 3:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.79/)
- next →: [Genesis 3:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.81/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.19/)