---
title: Genesis 4:4 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering; · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering; Who acts: LORD, Abel. Genesis 4:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 4:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering;

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**Who acts:** LORD, Abel · **What happens:** have, offer · **To what, where:** respect

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This is Genesis 4:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Abel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:91
# text = And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Abel	Abel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the LORD | respect |  |  |  | unto Abel and Abel's offering | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent respect=Patient |
| 2 | **offer** |  | Abel |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהֶ֨בֶל הֵבִ֥יא גַם־ה֛וּא מִבְּכֹר֥וֹת צֹאנ֖וֹ וּמֵֽחֶלְבֵהֶ֑ן וַיִּ֣שַׁע יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הֶ֖בֶל וְאֶל־מִנְחָתֽוֹ׃

[Genesis 4:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.4/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.90/)
2. **And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering;**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:91` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Genesis 4:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.90/)
- next →: [Genesis 4:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.92/)
- ↑ back to [Genesis 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.4/)