---
title: Genesis 4:6 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto Cain: 'Why art thou wroth? and why is thy cou… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said unto Cain: 'Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen? Who acts: LORD, thou. Genesis 4:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 4:6 · JPS 1917

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And the LORD said unto Cain: 'Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen?

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**Who acts:** LORD, thou · **What happens:** say, be, fall · **To what, where:** countenance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 4:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:94
# text = And the LORD said unto Cain: 'Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Cain	Cain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
9	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
12	wroth	wroth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Cain | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | wroth *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | present · passive |  | thy countenance |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־קָ֑יִן לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ׃

[Genesis 4:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.6/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:94` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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