---
title: Genesis 31:46 (JPS 1917) — And Jacob said unto his brethren: 'Gather stones'; and they took sto… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jacob said unto his brethren: 'Gather stones'; and they took stones, and made a heap. Who acts: Jacob, brethren. Genesis 31:46 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 31:46 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob said unto his brethren: 'Gather stones'; and they took stones, and made a heap.

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**Who acts:** Jacob, brethren · **What happens:** say, gather, take, make · **To what, where:** stones, heap · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 31:46 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jacob, brethren), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:988
# text = And Jacob said unto his brethren: 'Gather stones'; and they took stones, and made a heap.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Gather	gather	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jacob |  |  |  |  | unto Jacob's brethren | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **gather** | infinitive |  | stones |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | past | brethren | stones |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past | brethren *not said here* | a heap |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset heap=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֤ב לְאֶחָיו֙ לִקְט֣וּ אֲבָנִ֔ים וַיִּקְח֥וּ אֲבָנִ֖ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־גָ֑ל וַיֹּ֥אכְלוּ שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַגָּֽל׃

[Genesis 31:46: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.46/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And Jacob said unto his brethren: 'Gather stones'; and they took stones, and made a heap.**
2. [And they did eat there by the heap.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.989/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:988` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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