---
title: Genesis 31:54 (JPS 1917) — And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethr… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain. Who acts: Jacob, brethren. Genesis 31:54 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Genesis 31:54 · JPS 1917

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And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jacob, brethren · **What happens:** offer, call, eat, tarry · **To what, where:** sacrifice, mountain, brethren, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Genesis 31:54 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jacob, brethren), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:GEN:997
# text = And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sacrifice	sacrifice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
16	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	tarried	tarry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
27	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | Jacob | a sacrifice |  | the mountain |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | past | Jacob *not said here* | Jacob's brethren |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | to-infinitive | Jacob *not said here* | bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |
| 4 | **eat** | past · do-support | brethren | bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |
| 5 | **tarry** | past | Jacob *not said here* |  |  | the mountain | night |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mountain=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּזְבַּ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֥ב זֶ֙בַח֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּקְרָ֥א לְאֶחָ֖יו לֶאֱכָל־לָ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּהָֽר׃

[Genesis 31:54: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.54/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:GEN:997` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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