---
title: Leviticus 1:14 (JPS 1917) — And if his offering to the LORD be a burnt-offering of fowls, then h… · tree and pragmatics
description: And if his offering to the LORD be a burnt-offering of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons. Who acts: offering, Aaron. Leviticus 1:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 1:14 · JPS 1917

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And if his offering to the LORD be a burnt-offering of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons.

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**Who acts:** offering, Aaron · **What happens:** be, bring, offer · **To what, where:** burnt offering, offering, turtle doves

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 1:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (offering, Aaron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:13
# text = And if his offering to the LORD be a burnt-offering of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
12	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	advcl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fowls	fowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	_
25	doves	dove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | Aaron's offering to the LORD | a burnt offering |  |  |  | of fowls | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | shall | Aaron | Aaron's offering of turtle doves or young pigeons |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent offering=Theme |
| 3 | **offer** |  | Aaron |  |  |  |  | to the LORD | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |
| 4 | **offer** |  | Aaron | turtle doves or young pigeons |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאִ֧ם מִן־הָע֛וֹף עֹלָ֥ה קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְהִקְרִ֣יב מִן־הַתֹּרִ֗ים א֛וֹ מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַיּוֹנָ֖ה אֶת־קָרְבָּנֽוֹ׃

[Leviticus 1:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.1.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:13` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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