---
title: Leviticus 10:1 (JPS 1917) — And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer, and put fire therein, and laid incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them. Who acts: Nadab, Aaron. Leviticus 10:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Leviticus 10:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer, and put fire therein, and laid incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them.

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**Who acts:** Nadab, Aaron · **What happens:** take, put, lay, offer, not command · **To what, where:** each, fire, incense, strange fire, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 10:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nadab, Aaron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:235
# text = And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer, and put fire therein, and laid incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	Nadab	Nadab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Abihu	Abihu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	each	each	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	11	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	censer	censer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
20	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
25	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
30	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	before	before	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
36	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obj	_	_
37	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
40	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	34	acl:relcl	_	_
41	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Nadab and Abihu | each |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument each=Theme censer=Destination |
| 2 | **put** | past | Nadab and Abihu *not said here* | fire |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent fire=Goal |
| 3 | **lay** | past | Nadab and Abihu *not said here* | incense |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incense=Result |
| 4 | **offer** | past | Nadab and Abihu *not said here* | strange fire |  |  | before the LORD |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **command** | past · perfect | Aaron | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃

[Leviticus 10:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.10.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:235` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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