---
title: Leviticus 11:2 (JPS 1917) — Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living thin… · tree and pragmatics
description: Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth. Who acts: you, These, ye, beasts. Leviticus 11:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.256/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/) / [11:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.2/) / JPS 1

# Leviticus 11:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, These, ye, beasts · **What happens:** speak, say, be, eat · **To what, where:** living things, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 11:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, These, ye, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:256
# text = Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.
1	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	ccomp	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
16	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
17	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	among	among	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	22	det:predet	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	acl:relcl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the children of Israel | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | These | the living things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **eat** | may | ye | the living things |  |  |  | among all beasts | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | all beasts |  |  | the earth |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
דַּבְּר֛וּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֤את הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכְל֔וּ מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

[Leviticus 11:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.2/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:256` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Leviticus 11:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.255/)
- next →: [Leviticus 11:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.257/)
- ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.2/)