---
title: Leviticus 11:9 (JPS 1917) — These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins… · tree and pragmatics
description: These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat. Who acts: ye. Leviticus 11:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 11:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ye · **What happens:** eat, be, have · **To what, where:** These, waters, fins

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 11:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:263
# text = These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
13	whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	dislocated	_	_
14	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
15	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
32	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	34	nsubj	_	_
34	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | may | ye | These |  |  |  | of all | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the waters |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | fins and scales |  | the waters and the seas and the rivers |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient |
| 4 | **eat** | may | ye | fins *= fin* |  |  |  | whatsoever *dislocated* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃

[Leviticus 11:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:263` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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