--- title: Leviticus 11:10 (JPS 1917) — And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers… · tree and pragmatics description: And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you, Who acts: living creatures, all. Leviticus 11:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.264/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/) / [11:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.10/) / JPS 1 # Leviticus 11:10 · JPS 1917 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you, **Who acts:** living creatures, all · **What happens:** swarm, be · **To what, where:** waters, detestable thing This is Leviticus 11:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (living creatures, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LEV:264 # text = And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you, 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 2 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 42 nsubj _ _ 3 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 4 nsubj _ _ 4 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 6 fins fin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 seas sea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 2 nmod _ _ 20 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 swarm swarm VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 28 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 31 det:predet _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 living live ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 creatures creature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 33 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 acl:relcl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 38 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 39 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 detestable detestable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 43 unto unto ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 42 nmod _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swarm** | present | | | | the waters | | | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | | 2 | **is** | present | all living creatures | | | the waters | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | all | a detestable thing | | | | unto you | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ [Leviticus 11:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:264` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Leviticus 11:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.263/) - next →: [Leviticus 11:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.265/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.10/)