---
title: Leviticus 11:12 (JPS 1917) — Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestab… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you. Who acts: Whatsoever, that. Leviticus 11:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 11:12 · JPS 1917

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Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you.

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**Who acts:** Whatsoever, that · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** fins, waters, detestable thing

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This is Leviticus 11:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whatsoever, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:266
# text = Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you.
1	Whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	6	cc	_	_
6	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	detestable	detestable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Whatsoever | no fins nor scales |  | the waters |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that | a detestable thing |  |  |  | unto you | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

[Leviticus 11:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:266` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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