---
title: Leviticus 11:24 (JPS 1917) — And by these ye shall become unclean; whosoever toucheth the carcass… · tree and pragmatics
description: And by these ye shall become unclean; whosoever toucheth the carcass of them shall be unclean until even. Who acts: ye, whosoever. Leviticus 11:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 11:24 · JPS 1917

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And by these ye shall become unclean; whosoever toucheth the carcass of them shall be unclean until even.

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**Who acts:** ye, whosoever · **What happens:** become, touch, be · **To what, where:** carcass

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This is Leviticus 11:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, whosoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:278
# text = And by these ye shall become unclean; whosoever toucheth the carcass of them shall be unclean until even.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	_
4	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
9	whosoever	whosoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	toucheth	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	csubj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	carcass	carcass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
18	until	until	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	even	even	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | shall | ye |  |  |  |  | by these; unclean *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **touch** | present | whosoever | the carcass of carcasses |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme carcass=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **is** | shall |  |  |  |  | until even | unclean *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

[Leviticus 11:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:278` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Leviticus 11:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.277/)
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- ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.24/)